Sources - Hadith
Lesson 23
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The
science of Hadith criticizes the narrators according to: documentation: their
names, surnames, nicknames, dates, generation, and Shaykhs, besides evaluation:
judging the accuracy according to positive and negative factors.
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The
generations of narrators: These are groups of contemporary narrators who were
similar in age and in their quoting of Shaykhs. They are divided into twelve
generations, starting with the Companions, then the early successors to the six
Imams of Hadith classification.
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Knowing
the generations of narrators is important in differentiating the narrators
having similar names, and in discovering breaks in the chain of transmission.
·
Knowing
the homeland of the narrators is important to investigate if the narrator met
with the one from whom he transmitted the Hadith. Also their identities are thus
verified.
·
Knowing
the dates of birth and death of the narrators is important to make sure the
continuity of the chain of narration and to uncover any fabrication.
·
Knowing
and comparing the names, surnames, and nicknames helps in making sure of the
narrator’s identity, avoiding ambiguity, and disclosing deception.
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The
reliability of a narrator is realized if he meets two conditions :
a) Moral integrity: being a Muslim, mature, and sane, and being free from vice and all that is dishonorable.
b) Exactitude: to directly hear from the narrator, to completely understand the meaning, and to learn it by heart till the time he transmitted it to another, also, he should be known for his strong ability to learn by heart and possess good scrutiny.
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According
to these criteria, narrators are ascribed different reliability or unreliability
ratings.