Worship - Purification
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Having a bath to completely purify
oneself is obligatory for Junub (being in a state of major ritual impurity) the
cause of which is sexual intercourse or the emission of semen, after the
menstrual period or post-natal bleeding has finished, and for a newly converted
Muslim.
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Having a bath to completely purify
oneself is praiseworthy, for Friday Prayer (congregation), and when entering the
state of ritual consecration (Ihram), entering Makkah or standing on mount
`Arafat.
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In
order to be considered completely
pure, one must wash the whole body with water, rubbing whenever necessary to
remove impurities, letting the water reach and penetrate every part between the
fingers and toes, hair, navel and so on.
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The Sunnah actions concerning
bathing:
a)
Mentioning the Name of Allah.
b)
Cleaning the two palms with water.
c)
Cleaning any impurity.
d)
Rinsing the mouth , inhaling the water, and cleaning the ears internally.
e)
Beginning with washing the organs of ablution except for the legs.
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It is offensive (when having a bath)
to excessively waste water, use stagnant water, or be in an impure or open
place.[8]
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While being in a state of
Janabah,
it is prohibited to recite Qur’an or touch it, pray, or enter mosques unless
being a wayfarer.[9]
Evidence from Qur'an and Sunnah
Having
a purificatory bath because of Janabah is obligatory:
Allah says:
This
means: “And if you are in a state of Janabh (i.e. had a sexual discharge),
purify yourself (bathe your whole body).” (5, Al-Ma’idah: 6)
Allah says:
This
means: “Nor when you are in a state of Janabah, (i.e. in a state of sexual
impurity and have not yet taken a bath) except when travelling on the road
(without enough water, or just passing through a mosque), till you wash your
whole body.” (4, An-Nisa’: 43)
The Prophet (peace be
upon him) said:
“When anyone sits amidst four parts
(of the woman)
and the (circumcised)
parts touch each other, a bath becomes obligatory.”
Having a bath because
of menstruation and after giving birth:
Allah says:
This
means: “Therefore keep away from women during menses and go not unto them
till they are purified (from menses and have taken a bath).”
(2, Al-Baqarah: 222)
The Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him) said to Fatimah Bint Hubaysh:
“Remain
away (from prayer) equal (to the length of time) that your menses prevented
you. After this (after the period of usual courses), bathe yourself and
offer prayer.” (Reported by Muslim)
Newly converted
Muslims: It was narrated that: “the Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him) ordered Thumamah Al-Hanafi, newly converted to Islam as
he was, to have a purificatory bath.”
(Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Desirable
purificatory bath:
Friday:
Allah's Messenger
(peace be upon him) said:
“Taking a bath on
Friday is essential for every adult person.”
Undesirable
acts of having a purificatory bath:
To
extravagantly use water:
“The Prophet (peace be upon him) used to take a bath with a Sa` (a measure
equivalent to four Mudds, three liters approx.) (of water) and perform
ablution with a Mudd (A measure of two thirds
of
a liter of water, approx.).” (Reported by Muslim)
Bathing
in open places:
The Prophet (peace be
upon him) said:
“Allah
is characterized by modesty and concealment. So, when any of you washes, he
should conceal himself.”
Things that a Junub should not do:
Reciting Qur’an:
`Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may
Allah be pleased with him) said:
“The
Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) came out from the privy and taught us
the Qur’an and ate meat with us. Nothing prevented him; or the narrator
said: Nothing prevented him from (reciting) the Qur’an except sexual
defilement.” (Reported by Abu Dawud)
Entering
mosques and performing prayers:
Allah says:
This
means: “Approach not AsSalah (the prayer) when you are in a drunken
state until you know (the meaning) of what you utter, nor when you are in a
state of Janabah (i.e. in a state of sexual impurity and have not yet taken
a bath) except when travelling on the road (without enough water, or just
passing through a mosque), till you wash your whole body.” (4, An-Nisa’:
43)
Touching
the Qur’an: Allah says:
This
means: “Which (that Book with Allah) none can touch but the purified.”
(56, Al-Waqi`ah: 79)
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